[A papula on the ankle after traveling the tropics: a case report of furuncular myiasis]. / Een papel op de enkel na een bezoek aan de tropen.

This case report concerns a 29-year-old patient presenting with an erythematous papula on his ankle after recent travels to Colombia. After applying fucidin ointment, prescribed by his general practitioner, a larva wound its way to the surface. We morphologically identified the parasite as the larva of Dermatobia hominis (human botfly).

OPHTHALMOMYIASIS INTERNA WITH INVASION OF THE OPTIC NERVE.

PURPOSE: To report a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna with optic nerve invasion that was treated with oral ivermectin and prednisone. METHODS: Case report with retrospective review of medical records and multimodal imaging studies. RESULTS: A Christmas tree farmer in his sixties presented with expanding multicolored, spiraling photopsias in the left eye. The visual acuity measured 20/50, and examination and imaging findings showed subretinal tracks consistent with ophthalmomyiasis interna. After several weeks of spontaneous improvement, the visual acuity decreased to 20/150 and fundus examination showed new optic disc edema that was treated with ivermectin and prednisone. Despite the development of optic disc pallor, the visual acuity improved to 20/25. CONCLUSION: Subretinal fly larvae can occasionally exit the eye by invading the optic nerve. Treatment of optic nerve involvement with ivermectin and prednisone can result in an excellent visual outcome.

A Rare Case of Oral Myiasis Caused by Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in an Intubated Patient

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues with living larvae. Oral myiasis is an extremely rare form of the disease, with open mouth, unconsciousness, and poor oral hygiene being the predisposing factors. It is generally observed in the tropics or subtropics, as well as rural places with low socio-economic income. Mechanical removal and ivermectin are frequently used as treatments. Herein, we present a case of oral myiasis in a 69-year-old male intubated patient with myocardial infarction. Multiple larvae were observed in the mouth and mechanically removed. With the microscopic investigation, the larvae were identified as Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), which is extremely rare globally. For preventing oral myiasis, good patient care, good sanitary practice for oral health, efficient treatment of dental diseases, and fly population control, usage of masks for the risk groups are recommended.

Maggots Around Colostomy Site: A Case Report.

Myiasis is a skin infection caused by developing larvae (maggots) of various Diptera fly species. The two most frequent flies that cause human infestations around the world are Dermatobia hominis (human botfly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly). Maggots have been found to infest the nose, ear, orbit, tracheostomy wound, face, gums, and serous cavities, among other places. Maggots at the colostomy site are an uncommon occurrence. We report a case of maggots infestation surrounding the colostomy site. We came across a rather rare finding in a patient with advanced inoperable rectum cancer who initially complained of persistent nonspecific pain, discomfort, and foul-smelling discharge from the colostomy site. The issue at hand was identified to be maggots, and their removal alleviated the patient's symptoms. We underline the importance of regularly monitoring stoma sites to avoid maggot infestation, especially in tropical regions.

Myiasis in Neglected Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Review of Management and Current Protocol Recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a first-aid management protocol for myiasis in neglected cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the ED based on a recent literature review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed. STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria were all series and case reports of primary/secondary cutaneous SCC with myiasis of the head and neck, including orbital SCC cases, published after 2005. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 14 articles including 15 patients were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Demographics, socioeconomic situation, site of the lesion, larvae species with bacterial suprainfection, and first-aid treatment options were discussed. Two representative cases are described. CONCLUSIONS: Large, ulcerated, necrotic, myiasis-burdened SCC lesions in the head and neck area present a challenge for treatment, and to date, no consensus regarding first-aid management exists. The authors' proposed four-pillar first-aid management scheme may be a valid option to rapidly improve wound condition through disinfection, pain relief, and malodor and discharge eradication as a bridge to surgery.

[Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Argentina]. / Miasis por Cochliomyia hominivorax en la Argentina.

Miasis is the infestation of man and animals by larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Cyclorrapha. Eighty percent of miasis in Argentina is caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax, a species that induces pronounced tissue invasion and destruction, and results in severe clinical forms. Because of the aggressiveness of its larvae, it is important to reach a specific etiological diagnosis. We present four cases of miasis by C. hominivorax in two patients living in the city of Buenos Aires but working in a rural area and two patients living in the Greater Buenos Aires.

Miasis es la infestación de humanos y animales por larvas de dípteros ciclorrafos con invasión y destrucción tisular. Cochliomyia hominivorax es responsable del 80% de las miasis en la Argentina. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico etiológico específico debido a la agresividad de las larvas de esta especie, las que pueden provocar cuadros clínicos graves. Presentamos cuatro casos de miasis por C. hominivorax. Dos de los pacientes residían en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y trabajan en zona rural, y los otros dos residían en el Gran Buenos Aires.

Miasis por Cochliomyia hominivorax en la Argentina / Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Argentina

Miasis es la infestación de humanos y animales por larvas de dípteros ciclorrafos con invasión y destrucción tisular. Cochliomyia hominivorax es responsable del 80% de las miasis en la Argentina. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico etiológico específico debido a la agresividad de las larvas de esta especie, las que pueden provocar cuadros clínicos graves. Presentamos cuatro casos de miasis por C. hominivorax. Dos de los pacientes residían en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y trabajan en zona rural, y los otros dos residían en el Gran Buenos Aires.

Miasis is the infestation of man and animals by larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Cyclorrapha. Eighty percent of miasis in Argentina is caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax, a species that induces pronounced tissue invasion and destruction, and results in severe clinical forms. Because of the aggressiveness of its larvae, it is important to reach a specific etiological diagnosis. We present four cases of miasis by C. hominivorax in two patients living in the city of Buenos Aires but working in a rural area and two patients living in the Greater Buenos Aires.

Intratracheal myiasis followed by tracheal-esophageal fistula: report of a rare case and literature review.

BACKGROUND: To enhance awareness of the clinical features and prevention of endotracheal myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION: A case of intratracheal myiasis is reported. A 61-year-old male patient with a history of laryngectomy was admitted to hospital due to tracheostomal hemorrhage of 3 h duration. Intratracheal myiasis was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the patient underwent bronchoscopic intervention, which was complicated by a tracheal-esophageal fistula and resolved by endotracheal stenting. Twenty months after stent placement, the fistula had not healed. CONCLUSION: Intratracheal myiasis has serious complications and is difficult to treat. For post-tracheostomy patients, healthcare providers and caregivers should pay attention to the care and monitoring of wounds and maintenance of a tidy, clean living environment to prevent intratracheal myiasis.

Otomyiasis: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Myiasis is a disease causedby fly larvae that growinthetissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever andmalaise.Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no publishedmanagement protocols. Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities. Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged fromnewborn to 65 years old. Themost common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed. Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches. (AU)

Pin-Site Myiasis Caused by Screwworm Fly in Nonhealed Wound, Colombia.

Pin-site myiasis is an underreported complication of surgical interventions. We present a case of myiasis caused by the New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in a pin site of a chronic nonhealed wound 12 years after the intervention. This infection apparently was the result of poor perfusion of the leg.

Post-traumatic intraocular ophthalmomyasis due to Phormia sp. / Oftalmomiasis intraocular postraumática por Phormia sp.

CLINICAL CASE: An 18 year-old male patient presented with an injury to the left eye caused by a firearm. He remained unconscious for 2 days in an agricultural area, had a visual acuity of non-perception of light, wounds with loss of substance in upper and lower eyelid, atalamia, hypotonia, corneal oedema, wound with uveal exposure and exit of larvae in zone II. He was subjected to evisceration of the left eye. DISCUSSION: An untreated open ocular traumatism is a risk factor for intraocular ophthalmomyiasis.

Occurrence of human urogenital myiasis due to neglected personal hygiene: a review.

Myiasis, the infestation of tissues or organs of vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae, is a common parasitic problem among domestic and wild mammals. The condition, which is also witnessed in humans, is relatively frequent in rural areas where people are in close contact with domestic animals. It is a subject of medical and veterinary importance, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Human myiasis is generally encountered in open neglected wounds but can also affect body orifices with foetid discharge, such as the oral cavity, eyes, ears, anus and urogenital tract. Urogenital myiasis involves infestation of the urinary tract, as well as genital organs such as vaginal or penile orifices, with fly larvae. The condition is a rare among humans inhabiting developed countries but relatively more common in patients of low socio-economic status with poor hygienic conditions in developing countries. Damage varies from superficial to massive infestation, which may result in severe problems or even death of the individual. In the present study, the authors reviewed the past literature describing the cases of human urogenital myiasis, causative fly species and risk factors. The aim of the present article is to document the predisposing risk factors and provide guidelines for prevention and control of urogenital myiasis among humans. Besides poor genital hygienic conditions, other factors leading to urogenital myiasis include psychiatric disorders, the use of urinary catheters and uterine prolapse. Prevention of the condition is of utmost importance and involves the dressing and covering of open wounds, maintaining proper personal hygiene and control of fly populations.

Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing. Case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Myiasis is caused by larval infestation that usually occurs in exposed wounds. Dermatobia hominis is the most common fly species responsible for this parasitic infection. Genital piercing is an ornamental practice used in certain social circles. At placement, it transverses the skin surface and, as such, may be related to complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of wound infection secondary to genital piercing who was exposed to an environment with flies, leading to myiasis. Mechanical removal and systemic antiparasitic drugs are possible treatments for myiasis. However, prevention that includes wound cleaning and dressing is the best way to avoid this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital piercing can lead to potential complications and myiasis may occur when skin lesions are not properly treated.

A New Zealand case of nasal myiasis involving Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

A case of nasal myiasis that occurred in February 2017 in the Northland region was the first involving L. cuprina naturally-acquired in New Zealand.